Welsh National Anthem - Hen Wlad fy Nhadau
Introduction
This Article describes the Welsh National Anthem, Hen Wlad fy Nhadau, its composers, its history and its current legal status. It is an iconic National Anthem and considered to be amongst the finest anthems in the world. The Welsh National Anthem's lyrics and melody were composed by a father and son, Evan (the father) and James James. The original manuscript of the Anthem is stored in the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth. It is always sung in Welsh and the English version is almost never heard.
Welsh National Anthem, "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" | S4C Gig y Pafiliwn - Cyngherddau'r Eisteddfod Genedlaethol 2022. Video courtesy of S4C
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Welsh National Anthem - Legal Status
Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau is sung at national events and sporting occasions in Wales and worldwide and is universally recognised as Wales’ national anthem. However, it has no legal status!!
Welsh National Anthem Composers
James James (also known by the bardic name Iago ap Ieuan) (1832–1902) was a harpist and musician from Hollybush, Blackwood, Wales. He composed the tune of the Welsh national anthem, Hen Wlad fy Nhadau.
James was born on 4 November 1832, at the 'Ancient Druid Inn', Hollybush, in the parish of Bedwellty, Monmouthshire. He was the son of Evan James (1809–1878) and Elizabeth Stradling of Caerphilly. His father, a Welsh poet who wrote under the penname of leuan ab lago, moved with his family to Pontypridd, where he carried on the business of weaver and wool merchant, in about 1844. His son James assisted him in the business.
First known as "Glan Rhondda" (the banks of the Rhondda)
- James James composed the melody which was later to be known as Hen Wlad fy Nhadau in January 1856. Its initial title was Glan Rhondda (The banks of the Rhondda), giving rise to the tradition that the tune had come to James as he walked on the bank of the river Rhondda.
- His father wrote the lyrics that eventually became the words of the Welsh national anthem. The story is that James asked his father if he could put some words to the tune he had just composed. Apparently, it took just one night and by the following day all three verses and chorus were written.
Welsh National Anthem - First Performances
Madge Breeze and the Welsh National Anthem
- The Welsh National Anthem - He was first performed (as Glan Rhondda) at Tabor Chapel in Maesteg in January 1856, the soloist being a 16-year-old Elizabeth John of Pontypridd. It went on to be sung at many subsequent eisteddfodau.
- On 11th March 1899 in London, it became one of the first Welsh language songs to be recorded on vinyl when a singer by the name of Madge Breese included it in a collection of songs she was recording. It was recorded for the Gramophone Company. The recording, pressed on a 7-inch single-sided disc, lasts for 1 minute and 17 seconds.
- The popularity of the song increased after the Llangollen Eisteddfod of 1858. Thomas Llewelyn of Aberdare won a competition for an unpublished collection of Welsh airs with a collection that included Glan Rhondda.
- The adjudicator of the competition, Owain Alaw (John Owen, 1821-1883) asked for permission to include Glan Rhondda in his publication, Gems of Welsh melody (1860-64). This volume gave Glan Rhondda its more famous title, Hen Wlad fy Nhadau, and was sold in large quantities and ensured the popularity of the national anthem across the whole of Wales.
- At the Bangor Eisteddfod of 1874 Hen Wlad fy Nhadau gained further popularity when it was sung by Robert Rees (Eos Morlais), one of the leading Welsh soloists of his day. It was increasingly sung at patriotic gatherings and gradually it developed into a national anthem.
Memorial To Evan and James James
James James died on 11 January 1902 in his 69th year. He was buried in the churchyard at Aberdare along with his wife Cecilia and daughter Louise.
In 1930 a memorial was erected to the father and son with sculptures by John Goscombe. It commemorates Evan James and his son James James, the composers of the Welsh National Anthem Hen Wlad yf Nhadau. The grave slab of Evan James was moved here from Carmel chapel, where he was buried, when Carmel was demolished. The memorial is in Ynysangharad Park, Pontypridd, in the Rhondda Valley.
Design of the Memorial
The two-life sized bronze figures represent poetry and music - a man holds a harp, representing music, and a woman represents poetry. They stand on a base of pennant stone brought from Craig yr Hesg, a quarry near to Pontypridd. The inscription reads: In memory of Evan James and James James, father and son, of Pontypridd, who, inspired by a deep and tender love of their native land united poetry to song and gave Wales her National Anthem, Hen Wlad fy Nhadau.
Welsh National Anthem Lyrics in Welsh and English
On almost every occasion, only the first verse of Hen Wlad fy Nhadau is sung but all three verses are listed below. The English version is hardly ever sung.
Welsh National Anthem
Verse 1
Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi,
Gwlad beirdd a chantorion, enwogion o fri;
Ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mad,
Tros ryddid collasant eu gwaed.
Chorus:
Gwlad, Gwlad, pleidiol wyf i'm gwlad,
Tra môr yn fur i'r bur hoff bau,
O bydded i'r heniaith barhau.
Verse 2
Hen Gymru fynyddig, paradwys y bardd;
Pob dyffryn, pob clogwyn, i'm golwg sydd hardd,
Trwy deimlad gwladgarol, mor swynol yw si,
Ei nentydd, afonydd, i mi.
Verse 3
Os treisiodd y gelyn fy ngwlad dan ei droed,
Mae hen iaith y Cymry mor fyw ag erioed,
Ni luddiwyd yr awen gan erchyll law brad,
Na thelyn berseiniol fy ngwlad.
Welsh National Anthem - (English translation)
Verse 1
The land of my fathers is dear to me,
Old land where the minstrels are honoured and free;
Its warring defenders so gallant and brave,
For freedom their life's blood they gave.
Chorus
Home, home, true I am to home,
While seas secure the land so pure,
O may the old language endure.
Verse 2
Old land of the mountains, the Eden of bards,
Each gorge and each valley a loveliness guards,
Through love of my country, charmed voices will be
Its streams, and its rivers, to me.
Verse 3
Though foemen have trampled my land 'neath their feet,
The language of Cambria still knows no retreat;
The muse is not vanquished by traitor's fell hand,
Nor silenced the harp of my land.